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1.
The lancet. Planetary Health ; 6 Suppl 1:S20, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2096195

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and measures such as lockdowns to control its transmission generated unique effects on psychological health and well-being. In these circumstances, access to nature and outdoor spaces became a potentially important coping strategy, but the evidence exploring the mental health benefits of nature exposure during different stages of the pandemic is mixed and poorly understood. We systematically synthesised the evidence to examine larger trends in associations between nature exposure and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2.
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science ; 61(5):523-524, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2092331

ABSTRACT

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) reduces the functional workload requirements of the lungs, heart, or both for days to weeks in patients with reversible life threatening respiratory or cardiac disease. It is estimated that ECLS could have saved close to half of the seriously ill COVID-19 patients for whom mechanical ventilation was not effective if ECLS had been available. Supporting an ECLS patient however requires extensive knowledge and resources, and this is true also in the preclinical space when working with healthy animal models. The most common serious complications in the clinical setting are bleeding and thrombosis, both of which are also seen in preclinical studies performed on healthy sheep. From late 2020 to early 2021, the animal care and clinical laboratory teams made significant advances in supporting preclinical ECLS studies, reducing both mortality and other adverse outcomes significantly by implementing several interventions: 1) improving diagnostic ability to monitor anticoagulation status more accurately with the measurement of activated clotting time (ACT), blood heparin concentration, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), plasma free hemoglobin and red blood cell values;2) refining ECLS circuit attachments and optimizing the kennel environment to allow for improved animal comfort while decreasing the risk for canulae or circuit kinking or migration and 3) refining nursing care and monitoring by the inclusion of improved AV system and standardized care protocols. One of the core improvements was supplementing periodic ACT tests with blood heparin concentration. After these refinements, mortality during 7 d in life ECLS studies was reduced from 50% (3/6 animals, study1) to none (0/3 animals, study2) Blood heparin concentration is also beneficial in the management of human patients on ECLS. Facilities performing ECLS studies can benefit from expanding anticoagulation evaluation from simple ACT measurements to a multimodal approach, with blood heparin concentration measurements being especially advantageous. In addition, skilled round-the-clock nursing care of the study animals is vital for success.

3.
National Technical Information Service; 2020.
Non-conventional in English | National Technical Information Service | ID: grc-753643

ABSTRACT

The optimal time to initiate research on emergencies is before they occur. However, timely initiation of high quality research may launch during an emergency under the right conditions. These include an appropriate context, clarity in scientific aims, preexisting resources, strong operational and research structures that are facile, and good governance. Here, Nebraskan rapid research efforts early during the 2020 coronavirus disease pandemic, while participating in the firstuse of U.S. federal quarantine in 50 years, are described from these aspects, as the global experience with this severe emerging infection grew apace. The experience has lessons in purpose, structure, function, and performance of research in any emergency, when facing any threat.

4.
Frontiers in Sustainable Cities ; 3:15, 2021.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-1704526

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic altered human behavior around the world. To maintain mental and physical health during periods of lockdown and quarantine, people often engaged in outdoor, physically distanced activities such as visits to parks and greenspace. However, research tracking outdoor recreation patterns during the pandemic has yielded inconsistent results, and few studies have explored the impacts of COVID-19 on park use across diverse neighborhoods. We used a mixed methods approach to examine changes in park use patterns in cities across North Carolina, USA, during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on impacts in socially vulnerable communities (based on racial/ethnic composition and socioeconomic status). First, we surveyed a demographically representative sample of 611 urban residents during August 2020 to assess their use of outdoor park spaces before and during the pandemic. Second, we used cell phone location (i.e., geo-tracking) data to document changes in park visits within 605 socioeconomically diverse urban census tracts before (July 2019) and during (July 2020) the pandemic. Data from both methods revealed urban park use declined during the pandemic;56% of survey respondents said they stopped or reduced park use, and geo-tracked park visits dropped by 15%. Park users also became more homogenous, with visits increasing the most for past park visitors and declining the most in socially vulnerable communities and among individuals who were BIPOC or lower-income. Our results raise concerns about urban park use during the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest pre-existing health disparities in socially vulnerable communities might be exacerbated by inequitable access and utilization of parks and greenspace.

5.
Frontiers in Communication ; 6:17, 2021.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-1289956

ABSTRACT

Y The efficacy of science communication can be influenced by the cultural values and cognitions of target audiences, yet message framing rarely accounts for these cognitive factors. To explore the effects of message framing tailored to specific audiences, we investigated relationships between one form of cultural cognition-political ideology-and perceptions about the zoonotic origins of the COVID-19 pandemic using a nationally representative Qualtrics XM panel (n = 1,554) during August 2020. First, we examined differences in attitudes towards science (in general) and COVID-19 (specifically) based on political ideology. We found that, compared to conservatives and moderates, liberals trusted science more, were less skeptical of science, perceived greater risk from COVID-19, were more likely to believe in a wildlife origin of COVID-19, and were more likely to support restrictions on wildlife trade. Second, we examined the influence of cultural framing on the perceived validity of science related to COVID-19. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) a technocratic framing that highlighted feats of human ingenuity to overcome zoonoses;2) a regulatory framing that highlighted regulations and expansions of protected areas for wildlife as a means to prevent zoonoses, and 3) a control article about traffic lights with no cultural framing. After reading the initial framing article, all three groups read the same fictional, yet factually accurate, 'Nature Science study' generated by the authors. An OLS regression model revealed a significant interaction between the technocratic framing and political ideology. Relative to the control group, the technocratic framing slightly increased perceived validity of the Nature Science study for conservatives, significantly lowered perceived validity for liberals, and had no impact on moderates. We did not detect any significant interaction between framing and political ideology for the regulatory framing. Findings of this study highlight the need to account for cultural cognitions when communicating about COVID-19 and other zoonotic diseases. Communication strategies carefully designed to resonate with ideologically diverse audiences may ultimately lead to bipartisan support for actions required to promote "One Health" approaches that reduce the impacts of zoonoses on human and environmental health.

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